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GLOBAL
Volume 1 - No.3 - June 2016
AIR • LAND • SEA • SPACE
MILITARY
Flying
Observatory
Detects Atomic
Oxygen in
Martian
Atmosphere
61˚ Stormo
BAE Systems
Cradle of the Italian Air Force
at the heart of unmanned warrior
World’s most powerful bomb
Virtual future for ROYAL
NAVY’S Aircraft Carriers
The S-350 Vityaz
www.magzter.com (on-line)
www.globalmilitary.co.za
TSAR BAMBA
GLOBAL
Volume 1 - No.3 - June 2016
AIR • LAND • SEA • SPACE
MILITARY
Flying
Observatory
Detects Atomic
Oxygen in
Martian
Atmosphere
GLOBAL
AIR • LAND • SEA • SPACE
MILITARY
61˚ Stormo
BAE Systems
Cradle of the Italian Air Force
at the heart of unmanned warrior
World’s most powerful bomb
Virtual future for ROYAL
NAVY’S Aircraft Carriers
The S-350 Vityaz
www.magzter.com (on-line)
www.globalmilitary.co.za
TSAR BAMBA
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34
GLOBAL MILITARY
/ June 2016 / Vol. 1 / No. 3
3
NASA EVENTS
Stratospheric Observatory (SOFIA)
Flying
Observatory
Detects Atomic
Oxygen in Martian
Atmosphere
An instrument onboard the
Stratospheric Observatory for
Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) detected
atomic oxygen in the atmosphere
of Mars for the first time since the
last observation 40 years ago. These
atoms were found in the upper layers
of the Martian atmosphere known as
the mesosphere
Atomic oxygen affects how other
gases escape Mars and therefore has
a significant impact on the planet’s
atmosphere. Scientists detected only
about half the amount of oxygen
expected, which may be due to variations
in the Martian atmosphere. Scientists will
continue to use SOFIA to study these
variations to help better understand the
atmosphere of the Red Planet.
"Atomic oxygen in the Martian
atmosphere is notoriously difficult to
measure," said Pamela Marcum, SOFIA
project scientist. "To observe the far-
infrared wavelengths needed to detect
atomic oxygen, researchers must be above
the majority of Earth’s atmosphere and
use highly sensitive instruments, in this
case a spectrometer. SOFIA provides both
capabilities."
The Viking and Mariner
missions of the 1970s made the last
4
Vol. 1 / No. 3 / June 2016 -
GLOBAL MILITARY
SOFIA/GREAT spectrum of oxygen [O I] super-
imposed on an image of Mars from the MAVEN
mission. The amount of atomic oxygen comput-
ed from this SOFIA data is about half the amount
expected.
Credits: SOFIA/GREAT spectrum: NASA/DLR/USRA/DSI/MPIfR/
GREAT Consortium/ MPIfS/Rezac et al. 2015.
Mars image: NASA/MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and
Volatile Evolution Mission)
measurements of atomic oxygen in the
Martian atmosphere. These more recent
observations were possible thanks to
SOFIA’s airborne location, flying between
37,000-45,000 feet, above most of the
infrared-blocking moisture in Earth’s
atmosphere. The advanced detectors on
one of the observatory’s instruments,
the German Receiver for Astronomy at
Terahertz Frequencies (GREAT), enabled
astronomers to distinguish the oxygen in the
Martian atmosphere from oxygen in Earth’s
atmosphere. Researchers presented their
findings in a paper published in the journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics in 2015.
SOFIA is a Boeing 747SP jetliner
modified to carry a 100-inch diameter
telescope. It is a joint project of NASA
and the German Aerospace Center.
NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett
Field, California, manages the SOFIA
program, science and mission operations
in cooperation with the Universities Space
Research Association headquartered in
Columbia, Maryland, and the German
SOFIA Institute (DSI) at the University of
Stuttgart. The aircraft is based at NASA’s
Armstrong Flight Research Center's hangar
703 in Palmdale, California.
Kassandra Bell SOFIA Science Center,
NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett
Field, Calif.
GLOBAL MILITARY
/ June 2016 / Vol. 1 / No. 3
5

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