History of Laos by Maha Sila Viravong - Tr from the Laotian by the US Joint Publications Research Service (1964).pdf

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HISTORY
OF LAOS
BY
Maha Sila
Viravond
Translated from the Laotian
by
the
U.
S.
Joint Publications
Research
Service
PARAGON BOOK
REPRINT
CORP.
New York
1964.
Copyright
1964 by
Paragon Book Reprint Corp.
All
rights reserved
First published in
1959
as
JPRS
(NY)-712
Reprint
by
arrangement with
U.
S.
Joint Publications Research Service
by
Paragon
Book
Reprint
Corp.
Printed in the United States of America
B y
The Arno Reprint, Inc.,
N.
Y.
17
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.
Muong
Xieng
Thong or Souvannaphoum
Pathet.
(The
Khmer Race)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Chapter
11.
The Birth
of
the Lao Race.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
Chapter
111.
The Ancient Kingdom
o
the Lao.
. . . . . . . . . . .
10
f
Chapter
IV.
The Lao Kingdom of Nong-Sae,
orNan-Tchou
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Chapter
V.
The Lan-Xang Kingdom.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
Chapter VI. The division of the Lao Kingdom
into three Kingdoms.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
Chapter
VII.
The Kingdom of Laos after the loss of its
independence. The Lan-Xang Kingdoms
of Vientianne
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.I09
Chapter
IIISTORY
OF
LAOS
T h e original copy of this material only existed i n microfilm
form at the Library of Congress. This reprint therefore was
based on the print-out which the Library of Congress was able
to
furnish.
I t
was decided, in view of the tremendous
value
of this
material that, even though the print-out
is
not of the
best
quality,
it
be used for this reproduction.
PARAGON
BOOK
REPRINT
CORPORATION.
J'PlZS
CSO
t
(BY)-712
~1][-l445
P h m
Sevadan
Lao,
V o l
1
,
Viefrtiene,
1957,
pp
1-301
History
of
the
Lao
Race
Chapter
I
l+IuongXieng
Thmr
or
Souvannaphorn
Pathet
The
m a
which
constitutes
t o w
the
torritow
o0
Laos
Included,
2 9 0
p a r a
wo,
parts
af
Burma,
IWaya,
Thailand, Cmbad3.a
and
Vietnam.
It
was
called
then
Souvannaphm Pethet
or
Lam
Thong
or
31uong
Xieng
Tllong
(Thong
meaning
gold)
for
tho reason that
those
same
areas
where
h a m
t o
be
rleh
I
gold
orea.
For
%his
sme
-ason,
when
the
Lao
n
~eople
established
thanselvee i n
th38
area
they
gave
the
nme
of
I-hong
W n g Thong
to
their
capital
ciw.
(1)
Dootnotes
k d l l
be
fomd
at
the
end
of
each
chaptey*
The
area
which
was
knotm
as
Sawannaphoun
Pathet
ttas
in
feat
a
ler[l;e
penbsula
diich
rraa
situated
in
botween
the
Indlaa
Ocean
and
the
Chha
Sea
a d
this
was
the
reason
why,
at
a
l a t e r
date,
the
Vest-
ern
~rorld
a
given
this
part
of
l m d
the
m a
a
Indochina.
h
f
Sowannapbun
Pathet
or
Indochina
tras
f
lrst
inhabited
by
people
of
IChner
and
Lo-tm
or
Lwa
ori@n,
The
Khmer
Hace
The
Khmer
race
i s
of a n c i e n t
indian
descent.
This
race
h a s
nowadays given
b i r t h
t o
v a r i o u s
e t h n i c
groups
known
as
t h e
Khmer,
Idon,
Meng,
ma,
Iihamu,
Malay. The Khmer
had
es-
t a b l i s h e d
themselves
i n
the
south
of
Indochina
before
any
o t h e r
races thousands of
years
ago and has
formed two
large
kingdoms
of
t h e i r
ovm:
1.
c
Thsvuravndi
K5n~doa
o r
the
civilized
Kin~dom.
This
kingdom
i s
s i t u a t e d
i n the
w e s t
side,
frorn
t h e
t e r r i t o r y
of Nakorn
Pathoin
i n
Thailand
and
covering
t h e
Idon and
Burmese
t e r r i t o r y
of
t h e
e a s t and
down
t o
t h e
galayan
s t r a i t .
2.
The
Gotanura
K i n ~ d o no
r
Gotaburanz
vhich
occupled
t h e
e a s t e r n
p a r t
of
t h e
p r e s e n t
province
of
Vientiane
dorm
t o
the
t c r r i t o r y
of
Caebodia.
meaning
the Kirigdom
of
t h e
G o t a p w a
i s
a
Sariscrit
~ o r d
East.
This
saae
word
Gotapura
h a s
l a t e r
become
Gotaburana
and
t h e
Lao
people l a t e r
c a l l e d
i t
Gotabong
or
Sigotabong.
(The
c a p i t a l
c i t y
o f
t h e
Gotapura
Kingdom,
according
t o
the
s t o r y
of
That
Phanorn, which
was
a t
the
e s t u a r y
of
t h e
Se-
b a n g f a i
r i v e r ,
was
c a l l e d
Gotaburnna
C i t y .
The capital
was
laLer
transferred
t o
a
place
west of That Phanola
and
was
given
t h e
name
of
Marukra
Nakorn.
Later,
i n
about
t h e
year
B.E.
318
(225
I ~ . c . ) ,
King
Sunlitra
Dhamma
Krasat
Hava
trans-
f e r r e d
i t
again
t o
Salcet
tlakorn,
now
Roi
E t
i n
Thailand.
It
i m s
l a t e r
transferred
a g a i n
frorn
Sal:et
Naka
n
t o
Nakarn
Thou
while
other
groups
have
come
t o
~ i e n t i s n e f .
The capital
c i t y
of
i:!arukra
Bakorn
had
been
at
first
governed
by
a
Khmer
King
r;hose r e i g n
l a s t e d
t o
t h e
year
B.E.
5 C 0
(42
B.C.)
and
\;as
l a t e r
abandoned.
Several
hundred
years
l a t e r ,
when
t h e
Lao
p e o p l e
had
r e c o v c r ~ da
l l
these
t e r r i t o r i e s ,
t h e y
have r o b u i l t
the
city
of
Ltarutcra
Nakorn
on
the
l e f t
bank
of
t h e
Yeliong
r i v e r
which
i s
now
t h e
s i t e
of
Yuong
Kao
Thakhck.
I n
t h e
year 1614
A.D.
King
?So-Muon
of
P i c h i
t - T o t s t i
ts-Ra
j d h a n i
had
agzin
changed
the
nam
Ma-
r u k r a
Nalrorn
t o
i t s
forxer
n a w
of
Sigotaburana.
The
Chinese
c a l l e d
t h e
lringdom
of
Sigofaburana
as I'oh-Nam
or
Funan
o r
Ponan
rrhic
h
i s
Pharlom
itself.
04
These
a r e
t h e
f a c t s
t h a t
led
t o
t h e
belief
t h a t
t h e
Khmer
rras
t h e
f i r s t
that
had
come
to
i n h a b i t
t h e
Indochinese
peninsula
before
any
o t h e r
races:
1.
The
ancient
ruins
which
can
still
be
seen
today
i n

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