Arduino Comics(1).pdf

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what is an
arduino
?
it’s an open‐source
electronics prototyping
platform.
by
Jody Culkin
what does that mean
?
open source‐
“resources that can be used, redistributed or rewritten free of charge.
often software or hardware.”
electronics‐
Prototype‐
Platform‐
“technology which makes use of the controlled motion of electrons
through different media.”
“an original Form that can serve as a basis or standard for other things.”
“hardware architecture with software framework on which other software
Can run.”
photocell
microchip
led
breadboard
An Arduino contains a
microchip
, which is a very small computer that you can program. You can
attach sensors to it that can measure conditions (like how much light there is in the room). It
can control how other objects react to those conditions (room gets dark, led turns on).
a mouse is a common
input device
for a desktop computer,
a monitor is a common
output device.
ON
OFF
Or it can respond to something as
simple as the press of a switch.
Microcontrollers use
inputs
and
outputs
Like any
computer. Inputs capture information From the user
or the environment while Outputs do something with
the information that has been captured.
momentary switch
force
sensitive
resisitor
DC Motor
any object we want to turn on and off and
control could be An output. It could be a
motor or even a computer.
Digital information
is
discrete
and
finite.
all
information is
described in
two
states, 1
or
0,
on
or
off.
Analog information
is characterized
by its
continuous
nature. it can have an
infinite
number
of possible
values.
A switch or A sensor could be An input
into the Arduino.
whats the
difference between
digital and analog
inputs and
outputs?
inputs and outputs can be
digital
or
analog
.
Digital information is binary‐ it is either true
or false. Analog information is continuous, it
can hold a range of values.
a switch is a digital input, a sensor is an
analog input. the range of an analog sensor
is limited by its conversion to digital data.
voltage?
current?
resistance?
Ohm’s law?
Voltage (V)
is a measure
of electrical
potential.
It is measured
in
volts
.
Before we plug in the Arduino,
we will review a few terms
and principles that have to
do with how electricity (and
therefore electronics) works.
Current (I)
is the amount
of flow
through a
conductive
material.
It is measured
in
amperes
or
Amps
.
Resistance (R)
is a material's
opposition to
the flow of
electric
current.
It is measured
in
ohms.
Electricity is the flow of energy through a conductive material.
the speed of flow
is determined by
voltage
resistance
increases or
decreases flow
amount of flow moving through
pipes is
current
the water analogy is commonly used to explain these terms. Here’s one model.
OHM’s law
current = voltage/resistance
(i = v/r)
or
Resistance = voltage/current
(r = v/i)
or
Voltage = Resistance * current
(v = r*i)
There is a relationship between voltage,
current and resistance, discovered by Georg
Ohm, a German physicist.
for example, Increase
the resistance, less
flow.
or increase the
potential, more flow.
Lamp
-
Switch
DC power source
+
now let’s look at a simple
circuit
. every
circuit is a closed loop that has an
energy
source
(battery) and a
load
(lamp). The load
converts the elecrical energy of the battery
and uses it up. this one has a switch too.
This is a
schematic
of the same circuit (it
represents the circuit using symbols for the
electronic components). When the switch is
closed, current flows from the power
source and lights the lamp.

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