Pharrajimos; The Fate of the Roma During the Holocaust.pdf

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Pharrajimos:
The Fate of the Roma
During the Holocaust
János Bársony and Ágnes Daróczi
International Debate Education Association
New York • Amsterdam • Brussels
Published by:
The International Debate Education Association
400 West 59th Street
New York, NY 10019
© 2007 Romédia Alapítvány/ Romedia Foundation
1011 Budapest, Corvin tér 8.
Email: daroczia@mmi.hu
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher.
English translation: Gábor Komáromy
Proofreading: Zita Herman
Photos: János Kovács
Sponsors:
Open Society Institute Roma Participation Program,
Hungarian Institute for Culture
Original edition:
Pharrajimos, romák sorsa a Holokauszt idején
L’Harmattan Budapest 2004
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bársony, János.
[Pharrajimos, romák sorsa a holokauszt idején English]
Pharrajimos : the fate of the Roma during the Holocaust / János Bársony and Ágnes
Daróczi ; [English translation: by Gábor Komáromy].
p. cm.
ISBN 978-1-932716-30-6
1. Romanies--Nazi persecution--Hungary. 2. Romanies--Hungary. 3. Holocaust,
Jewish (1939–1945)--Hungary--Personal narratives. I. Daróczi, Ágnes. II. Title.
D804.5.G85B37 2007
940.53’1808991497--dc22
2007012375
Design by Kathleen Hayes
Printed in the USA
Contents
Preface to the English Edition
Facts and Debates: The Roma Holocaust
Chronology—the Pharrajimos in the Third Reich
Chronology—the Pharrajimos in Hungary
20th Century Roma History and the Pharrajimos
I. Europe
1. European Roma History from the Turn
of the Century to World War II
2. The Pharrajimos in Europe during World War II
II. Hungary
1. Before World War II
2. The War and the Hungarian Pharrajimos
2.1 Roma Imprisoned in Ghettos
2.2 Forced-Labor Military Service
2.3 Military Forced-Labor Camps
2.4 Military Labor Service Units
2.5 Closed Gypsy Camps and Ghettos
2.6 Mass Murders
3. The Aftermath of the Pharrajimos in Hungary
Anti-Gypsy Initiatives and Raids in Pest County under
Deputy-Lieutenant László Endre (1928, 1939–1944)
Drafting the “Gypsy-Raid Decree”
The Proposals of the Pest County Administrators
for the Ministerial Decree
To Intern or to Segregate?
László Endre’s First Anti-Roma Proposals
Deputy-Lieutenant László Endre’s Decrees
and Anti-Roma Raids
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The Mass Murder of Gypsies at Várpalota and Inota-Lake
Grábler at the End of January 1945
Court Documents
The Circumstances Surrounding the Deportation
of the Székesfehérvár Roma
The Issue of Robberies Committed by the
Székesfehérvár Gypsies
The Fate of the Várpalota Gypsies
Executions
The Number of Victims
Summary
One of the Roma Killing Fields: Komáromi Csillagerőd,
Autumn 1944
The First Inmates Intended for Deportation
Komárom IV: Csillagerőd
Registration of Deportations to Komárom
Conditions in Captivity
Escapes
The Roma Death Toll
New Human Transports to the Reich
Dachau, Fossenbürg and Buchenwald
The Fate of the Roma Dragged to the Fortress
Conclusion
The Holocaust in Gypsy Folk Poetry
Oral History: Personal Statements of the Survivors
Mrs. Vilmos Holdosi (Torony)
Mr. József Kazári (Meggyeskovácsi)
Mr. Károly Komáromi (Kötegyán)
Mrs. Jenő Sárközi (Torony)
Mrs. István Sztojka (Csepel)
Mrs. Angéla “Mici” Lakatos (Székesfehérvár)
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Contents
Mrs. István Pilisi (Budapest)
Mr. Gyula Balogh (Rákospalota, Budapest)
Mrs. Miklós Murzsa (Újfehértó)
Mrs. József Kazárine [born Terézia Horváth]
(Meggyeskovácsi)
Mrs. János Rostás (Budapest–Kispest)
Mrs. Imre Dömötörné [born Ilona Lendvai] (Tüskevár)
Lajoskomárom
Pál Macher (PM), mayor of Lajoskomárom
Pál Zsednai (PZ), local resident
Albert Bognár (AB), former custodian in the
Village Hall
Pál Szemerei (PS), former cart driver
Mrs. Lajos Kecskés (LK), local resident
István Czéh and his wife (IC-AC), local residents
Piroska Peller (PP), survivor
Place by Place: Events of the Pharrajimos
Appendix: The Struggle for an Authentic Narrative
of the Pharrajimos: Illustrations
Roma Holocaust, Hungarian History
Roma Holocaust—Facts and Denials
An Expert Opinion
Observations on the Roma Sections of the
Permanent Holocaust Exhibition
Theses for the Roma Script of the Permanent
Exhibition in the Holocaust Museum
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Contents
vii

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