Junkers Ju88 (Combat Machines No.03).pdf

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JUNKERS
Ju88
Ju 88 HISTORY
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PHOTO REFERENCE
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PROFILES
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CUTAWAY ART
no.
03
PROFILE ARTWORK
Ju 88V1, D-AQEN, Junkers Dessau factory, 1937. The very first Ju 88, probably overall
RLM 63 Hellgrau (light grey). Black registration letters.
Ju 88V5 D-ATYU, Junkers Dessau factory, late 1930s. Presumed overall RLM 63 Hellgrau
(light grey). Black registration letters.
Ju 88A-1, 4D+DC, Stab II./KG 30, summer 1940. Standard green splinter upper surfaces
(RLM 70 Schwarzgrün and 71 Dunkelgrün), RLM 65 Hellblau (light blue) undersides.
II./KG 30
Ju 88A-1, 9K+LT, 9./KG 51, Operation Marita, 1941. RLM 70/71 over RLM 65
undersides, yellow tactical markings.
Ju 88A-1, 9K+LR, 7./KG 51, France, summer 1940. RLM 70/71 over RLM 65
undersides.
(Andy Hay/www.flyingart.co.uk)
2
JUNKERS
Ju 88
www.keypublishing.com
This Ju 88R-1 of
NJG 3 defected
to RAF Dyce,
Scotland, on
May 9, 1943.
It is seen here
following its
arrival and
removal of the
radar aerials
(RAF Museum)
A Ju 88A-1
of KG 51
'Edelweiß'
is scene
undergoing
investigation,
possibly at
Farnborough,
in 1940.
(Key
Collection)
Oblt Mathias
Schwegler was a
pilot with KG
51, and the first
in that unit to
receive the Rit-
terkreuz. When
war began he
was with Stab
III./KG 51, then
1./KG 51. Shot
down over
Russia on July 11,
1941, he and his
crew returned
and later he
commanded 12./
KG 51. Schwe-
gler died on
April 18, 1945 in
unknown
circumstances.
(Chris Goss)
FOREWORD
V
ersatile, successful, and
generally revered by its crews,
the Ju 88 was truly a star
among frontline combat aircraft flown
by Germany’s Luftwaffe during World
War Two. Built in large numbers
(around 15,000) in a wide variety
of different versions, it ably fulfilled
several vital frontline roles during
that conflict. The type is therefore
unquestionably a fitting subject for this,
the third volume in Key Publishing’s
successful Combat Machines series.
Conceived originally as a
‘schnellbomber’ or fast light/medium
bomber (a role it performed during
much of World War Two), Junkers' Ju
88 progressed effortlessly into other
demanding mission profiles.
It became a heavy fighter, destroyer,
ground-attack and close-support
aircraft, radar-equipped night
fighter, conversion trainer, and a
long-range reconnaissance asset…
and was the basis of a closely related
development, the Ju 188. This
ubiquitous twin was active on all
fronts, in war-torn skies as far flung
as Western Europe, the Soviet Union
and North Africa. Britain’s equally
superlative de Havilland Mosquito
alone matched the Ju 88 as such a
versatile ‘maid of all work’.
The Ju 88 has long been popular
among modellers, too, and there has
been a veritable profusion of kits,
aftermarket accessories and decals
available over the years...and they are
still being released. The most recent
offerings are the 1/48 'glass-nosed'
Ju 88s from Ukraine's ICM, but the
firm is also planning a gun-nosed
C-6 to boost the range. It has been
my pleasure to research this aircraft
type over many years, and it's always
been fascinating. I hope this book will
appeal to both modellers and aviation
enthusiasts alike as an entry-level
guide to the type, via a wide selection
of period imagery, detailed text (some
of which corrects erroneous data
published elsewhere), high-quality
colour artwork, a cutaway drawing
and exclusive walk-around images.
Malcolm V Lowe
Author
Author:
Malcolm V Lowe
Series Editor:
Chris Clifford
Acknowledgements:
The author gratefully
acknowledges the assistance of the following
with the provision of information and
images: John Batchelor MBE, Martin Hale,
John Levesley, Jim Smith, Andy Sweet, Csaba
Bordács (Hungary,) Hans Meier and Peter
Walter (Germany,) Nikolay Baranov (Russia)
Assistant Editor:
Stu Fone
Group Editor:
Nigel Price
Colour artwork:
Andy Hay – Flying Art
Designer:
Tom Bagley
Group Designer:
Steve Donovan
Production Manager:
Janet Watkins
Commercial Director:
Ann Saundry
Managing Director:
Adrian Cox
Executive Chairman:
Richard Cox
Key Publishing Ltd:
PO Box 100, Stamford,
Lincolnshire, PE9 1XQ, United Kingdom.
Distributed by:
Seymour Distribution Ltd,
2 Poultry Avenue, London, EC1A 9PP.
Tel: 020 7429 4000. Fax: 020 7429 4001.
Printed by:
Warners (Midland) plc, Bourne.
Printed in England
ISBN: 9781912205325
www.keypublishing.com
JUNKERS
Ju 88
3
BEGINNINGS
STOLEN DYNASTY
The giant G
38 airliner of
1929-30 was
an attempt
by Junkers to
break into the
developing
(and large)
commercial
aircraft market.
It could seat up
to 34 passengers,
including several
in the wing
centre section.
(via Hans Meier)
Creator and manufacturer of the Ju 88, the Junkers organisation was, in its day,
one of the world’s most important aviation companies
ne of the iconic names
in aviation history is the
German aircraft manufacturer
of all-metal aircraft structures. Today,
the widespread use of metal in aircraft
manufacturing is taken for granted, but
in the World War One era this was
truly cutting-edge technology. Junkers
went on to become one of the
world’s largest aviation firms during its
existence up to 1945, and became a
major supplier of warplanes to Nazi
Germany’s Luftwaffe.
O
Junkers.
Created by Hugo Junkers before
World War One, the company was a
pioneer in the establishment of metal
as a primary material in airframe
construction, and was a world-leader
in the introduction and development
The original
Junkers all-metal
aircraft was the
J 1 of 1915…
an advanced
cantilever mid-
wing monoplane
sometimes
branded the
‘Tin Donkey’.
(Junkers)
The inspiration for the pioneering
and vitally important introduction
of all-metal aircraft into mainstream
acceptance was Hugo Junkers himself.
Born during February 1859 in Rheydt,
near latter-day Mönchengladbach
(ironically the area from where
the arch-Nazi Joseph Goebbels
also hailed), Junkers initially studied
engineering and thermodynamics.
A talented and pragmatic engineer,
he eventually held several
thermodynamic and metallurgical
patents, and during the mid-1890s, he
created his own business, Junkers und
Compagnie in Dessau, specialising in
metal-working and making a range
of appliances, including gas-fired
boilers and heaters. Dessau was a
comparatively small but nonetheless
important town, in what is now the
eastern part of present-day Germany.
Additionally, during the 1890s he
gained a Professorship of mechanical
engineering at what became the Royal
Technical University at Aachen.
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4
JUNKERS
Ju 88
Pioneering work
Like so many engineers of his
generation, Professor Junkers
became fascinated by the new
and developing science of manned
powered flight, which the Wright
Brothers in the US did so much to
pioneer. While at Aachen he joined
forces with Professor Hans Reissner,
whose interest in and enthusiasm for
aeronautical innovations led to several
important developments from 1908
to 1910. These culminated with the
granting to Hugo Junkers of a highly
significant patent (Patentschrift Nr.
253788), dated February 1, 1910,
and issued by Imperial Germany’s
Kaiserliches Patentamt. This was for an
all-metal cantilever wing design with a
unique airfoil configuration. Although it
was somewhat eccentric, in proposing
to fit those on board within the actual
airfoil shape as a virtual flying wing,
Junkers’ patent was nevertheless
ground-breaking. It was the first time
that such an all-metal design for an
Junkers
gained great
success and
considerable
fame with the
ground-breaking
F 13 all-metal
passenger
aircraft. This
civil-registered
example of
‘Dobrolet’ was
photographed
in the Soviet
Union
(via
Nikolay Baranov)
aircraft structure had been proposed
and thought through sufficiently to
warrant the granting of a patent.
This placed Junkers far ahead of
the then-current aeronautical design
philosophy of using fabric-covered
wooden structures with external
struts and bracing (rigging). With his
company already able to work with
metal in the fabrication of domestic
and engineering appliances it had been
established to manufacture, Junkers
was in a unique position to put his
theories into practical reality. The
first attempt at making a viable metal
aircraft was achieved in co-operation
with Reissner, the resulting canard
design flying during 1912.
World War One prompted the
widespread use of aviation for the
first time in a major conflict, and
many companies involved in aviation
activities came to the forefront.
Junkers was well placed with its
extensive experience of metal-
working to begin making aircraft
A peaceful pre-war view of the
Junkers factory and airfield at
Dessau. Various Junkers aircraft types
can be seen parked on the airfield,
including several Ju 52/3m transports.
(John Batchelor Collection)
www.keypublishing.com
JUNKERS
Ju 88
5

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