Embedded-Developer-Express-Logic-Spread-.pdf
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Pobierz
Bill Lamie
CEO, President & Founder
of Express Logic
Real-Time
Embedded
Systems
High Speed
Embedded
Modules
Big Changes to
Mobile Market
CONTENTS
4
FEATURED ENGINEER
ROB GRAY - FREELANCE EMBEDDED ELECTRONICS DESIGNER
6
TECH ARTICLE
A MOBILE MARKET DISRUPTION?
10
TECH ARTICLE
RASPBERRY PI PRIMER PART 3: INSTALLING ARCH LINUX ARM
16
COVER INTERVIEW
BILL LAMIE - PRESIDENT, CEO, & FOUNDER OF EXPRESS LOGIC
Your Guide to
Embedded MCUs and
Development Tools.
EMBEDDED WORKBENCH
19
TECH ARTICLE
EMBEDDED MODULES SPEED
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT DESIGN
26
FEATURED ARTICLE
EXPRESS LOGIC’S GUIX
DEVELOPMENT TOOL
22
FEATURED VIDEOS
30
Everything you’re looking for in one place.
www.embeddeddeveloper.com
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ENGINEER SPOTLIGHT
over-sized via on the signal, either replacing
an existing via or just dropped on the signal
trace in a convenient location.
In the Spotlight:
“On my return to Australia I
started door knocking to all the
engineering irms I could ind in
the phone book. I had nothing but
my enthusiasm and some rolled up
circuit diagrams under my arm.”
This test via is hexagonal in shape to help
identify it and I often add an overlay label as
well. It also has a larger hole to make it easier
to securely hold a probe on the test point or
even solder in a lying wire.
Rob Gray
Freelance Embedded
Electronics Designer
Do you have any noteworthy
engineering experiences?
While working in the R&D section of a large
multi-national computer irm I was asked to
cycle the power on one of the mainframes.
The computer in question had been shut
down with all apps terminated, disks spun
down, databases closed etc. All I had to do
was press the power button.
What are your favorite hardware tools?
Without doubt my logic analyzer. How anyone
can design microprocessor/controller systems
without one I have no idea and I’ve used them
since the 80s although the requirements have
changed over the years. In those days most
peripherals were external to the processor
and we were dealing with both data low
and timing issues so a wide and fast analyzer
was needed.
I think what saved me was the fact that
my bicep also contracted and pulled my
arm away from the wire, as the wire was
short and mechanically ixed at the other
end my arm muscles overrode my inger
muscles and pulled my hand off the wire.
Did you always know you wanted to be an
engineer?
The button in question was a type that did
nothing electrically when pressed but went
open circuit when released which was
fortunate because the instant I pressed it
I realised I was about to pull the rug from
under the wrong mainframe. Now killing the
power of a mainframe in mid stride is a very
bad thing but I had not released the button
so no harm done, but like a soldier standing
on a landmine I couldn’t move and therefore
couldn’t tell anyone of my predicament.
I was living in London in the months spanning
Christmas 1978/9, at the time I was a photographer
but I’ve had an interest in electronics since I
was a lad, I remember wanting to control the
direction of a motor when I was about 10 years
old, I made what I now recognize as an H-bridge
from switches and wires nailed to a square of
chip board.
For some time I had burn holes in my skin,
and I no longer have any mains-driven digital
clocks.
These days most high speed peripherals are
internal to the controller, the hard stuff has
been done by the IC manufacturer so while
there are still some timing issues it’s more a
case of looking at data low on serial links of
various persuasions. For this, you can get a
really good analyser with serial decoders for
$150 and a fantastic one for about twice that.
And in the “famous last words” category, I
remember looking at a microprocessor data
sheet for the irst time in the early 80s and
thinking “These things are useless.”
Eventually someone came into the room, they
informed all concerned parties and an orderly
mainframe shutdown was started. However
I had to stand there for some time providing
the chief source of ofice entertainment until
I could release the button.
I’ve always had an interest in model railways, so
moving on 15 years and several continents I ind
myself sitting in my London lat wondering how I
would control the boom gates on a model train
layout such that when a train approached a
crossing the gates would lower and cars would
stop.
What are you currently working on?
Do you have any tricks up
your sleeve?
My major ield of interest is serial monitoring
and control networks and I’m currently
spending a large part of my time designing
two projects in this domain.
With modern SMD components it’s no longer
practical or even possible to connect test
equipment directly to the component for
debugging prototypes. And trying to hold a
probe on a TQFP leg is an accident waiting to
happen. This means a method of connecting
test gear should be implemented on the PCB
and the most obvious method is to add a
header. However ,these same SMDs also
mean smaller and tighter boards, even a
6-way standard-pitch header consumes a
huge amount of board real estate.
On a more serious note I was electrocuted
once (well several times really but once of
particular note). With digital clocks in every
home appliance from TVs to toothbrushes
it can be a real pain to reset them all after
disconnecting power from a house, so given
that I’m a lazy fellow I tend to work on simple
jobs with the wiring “hot”. Normally the irst
time I touch a bare wire I use the back of
my hand so if it’s live my muscles will pull the
hand away, but on this occasion I was not
concentrating and grabbed the bare wires
between my thumb and irst inger.
One is a dual processor board featuring an
LPC1227 and an ATmega1284, it’s ostensibly
an Arduino with an LPC co-processor that
handles RS-485 networking, but can be used
the other way around, that is an LPC board
with an AVR co-processor for IO.
I started drawing circuits using the technology
that I was familiar with, namely magnets, reed
switches etc. and while the results weren’t very
clever the seed was sown. I then bought some
books, most notably one called “The CMOS
Cookbook,” and was amazed at the possibilities
these little black multi-legged devices offered.
The other project is a quite complex Arduino
Due work alike with a SAM3X8E. This board
enables all the good stuff that the Arduino
Due nobbles, for example 4-bit microSD,
Ethernet, external RAM and two CAN
interfaces. This board also has hardening
for all IO and is designed to be a usable
controller in its own right, often with no extra
components required. ■
On my return to Australia I started door knocking
to all the engineering irms I could ind in the
phone book. I had nothing but my enthusiasm
and some rolled up circuit diagrams under my
arm. While I’m sure my circuits didn’t impress
anyone, my enthusiasm obviously did, and I found
myself changing vocations after talking to the
owner of the irst irm I approached.
My solution is distributed test points. I identify
the signals that will be needed for debugging
and ensure that there is an access point
somewhere on the board for those signals.
This can be as simple as not having solder
mask tenting on a via, but normally I place an
The experience is not something I would
recommend and my hand would not let go
of the wires. It all happened very fast but
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TECH ARTICLES
Are
UNNOTICED FORCES
Brewing to Create a
Mobile Market Disruption?
By Guy Agin
Director of Strategy &
Business Development,
Red Bend Software
W
e are witnessing a duopoly in the mobile
The other new development is the emergence
of several new device platforms, all based on
Linux OS at the core. There are various new
platform initiatives, each with its own heritage,
uniqueness and supporters but the following
four are the most advanced:
market, where two device platforms,
iOS and Android, make up 90 percent of
the smartphone operating system market.
Apple and Samsung are the two dominant
manufacturers that capture most of the
volume and proits. Nokia with Windows Phone
and BlackBerry are far behind. In the current
market no analyst is betting against Apple,
Google or Samsung to foresee any dramatic
shifts. However, history shows that market
disruptions can happen when least expected.
Five years ago the Symbian smartphones
from Nokia were by far the market leaders,
and while the iPhone had already launched
and Android was announced, no analyst was
forecasting a major sea change in the market
within three years. Is there some unnoticed
force or initiative currently under the radar
that will create a similar disruption?
Tizen
– Is an open source platform backed by
Samsung, Intel and several mobile operators.
It is an evolution of past attempted industry
collaborations such as LiMO and MeeGo. While
Samsung seems committed to Tizen, the
market is waiting for commercial devices.
Firefox OS
– Is developed by Mozilla, backed
by Telefonica, and several OEMs are
committed to launch devices including
ZTE, Huawei and Sony. Low-cost Firefox OS
smartphones are already available in Latin
America and Europe.
One emerging trend that could potentially
change the status quo is the Android
ecosystem fragmentation. Increasingly there
are non-Google certiied Android devices.
Typically these come from Chinese and other
regional manufacturers that are using Android
without Google services. The new wave of
regional manufacturers, which operate at a
lower cost, is already challenging the leading
brands in Asia and other emerging markets
such as Latin America and Eastern Europe.
Once smartphone penetration peaks in
developed markets, growth will slow and the
focus will shift to emerging markets. At that
point, the growth of those alternative Android
ecosystems might threaten the dominance
of Samsung, Apple and Google.
Ubuntu Touch OS
– Is developed by Canonical,
the Linux vendor. The open source platform
has the backing of several important operators
who created the Carrier Advisory Group to
inluence the Ubuntu roadmap. To date, no
major OEM has announced a commitment
to create a device, and only a concept
hybrid Ubuntu-Android device called Edge
is planned to be produced in part by a recent
crowd funding campaign.
History shows that disruptions in the mobile market can happen when least expected.
Is the current OS duopoly created by Apple and Google a prime target for disruption? Is an industry
with six to eight competing operating systems (or variants) preferable to an industry with only two
or three dominant platforms? Here is a look at some of the forces that may be creating the next
mobile phone disruption.
Sailish OS
– Is developed by Jolla, a company
started by ex-Nokia employees, who built a new
platform on top of Nokia’s discontinued MeeGo
OS. Jolla is planning to build its own smartphone
(the Jolla phone) and potentially license the
platform to OEMs, probably in China.
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TECH ARTICLES
Will these new initiatives fail and be relegated
to the history dustbin, or will they create a
market disruption? At this point it is too
early to tell. What can be assessed are the
factors that are essential to the success
of a device platform in the mainstream
smartphone market:
Dominant OEM support
– The new Linux
platforms are not brought to market by
deep pocketed industry giants such as Apple
or Google. Therefore without at least one
dominant OEM to create compelling devices
in volumes they will struggle. Tizen has the
strong backing of Samsung, while Firefox OS
is supported by brands like ZTE and Sony. The
others are lacking such OEM support.
Availability of applications and developer
mindshare
– In today’s ecosystem-driven
market, a limited third party application
catalog might kill a platform. The new Linux
platforms, which are naturally disadvantaged,
appear to be tackling this issue by adding
virtualization or compatibility layers that
enable Android apps to run on the platform
(Tizen, Ubuntu) or via promoting broad Web/
HTML5 development (Firefox OS, Ubuntu).
Operator support
– While operator support
does not ensure a platform’s success, as seen
with past failed operator group initiatives like
LiMO and WAC, the lack of operator support
can be fatal for a new platform. Firefox OS,
Ubuntu and Tizen all have supporting operator
groups. Telefonica is leading the charge by
strongly pushing Firefox OS to its customers.
Consumer mindshare and positioning
– To
capture consumer attention and overall
industry mindshare the new platforms need
to ind unique differentiation and position the
device for target segments where they can
compete effectively. For example, low-
cost smartphones for emerging markets
(Firefox OS) or unique, enterprise PC / desktop
duplication (Ubuntu).
Software and device management capa-
bilities
– As proven by iOS and Android, to
succeed, a modern smartphone platform
must equip itself with the infrastructure for
software updating and device management
capabilities so that OEM and operator partners
can keep the platform constantly updated
via over-the-air services.
In conclusion, is an industry with six to eight
competing operating systems (or variants)
preferable to an industry with only two or three
dominant platforms? Application developers
might prefer fewer platforms to minimize their
porting efforts. However, with more platforms,
consumers might enjoy more choice and a
variety of user experiences in devices, and
other industry players such as challenger OEMs,
cross-platform solution providers and mobile
operators may beneit from the decreased
dominance of giants such as Apple and
Google. If broad application availability
can be ensured for various platforms via
compatibility layers or by standardizing on
HTML5, it may tilt the balance in favor of a
multiple platform industry.
■
Join Today
The new wave of
regional manufacturers,
which operate at a
lower cost, is already
challenging the leading
brands in Asia and
other emerging markets
such as Latin America
and Eastern Europe.
eeweb.com/register
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