Spiegel Special 2006-6 - September 11 2001 Five Years Later.pdf

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E D I TO R’ S N OT E
F
ive years have passed since al Qaeda launched its
vicious attack. New York’s Twin Towers were
leveled; in Washington the Pentagon was breached.
The death toll ran to almost 3,000. September 11,
2001, was the day that changed the world – above all
for those who narrowly escaped the all-consuming
flames, falling rubble and toxic dust. But also for the
workers who scoured Ground Zero and cannot
erase the harrowing images from their minds.
SPIEGEL editors and reporters spoke to both the
survivors and rescue workers, asking how their lives
have changed since that tragic day. Markus
Feldenkirchen visited a German woman who took
part in the rescue effort. Alexander Osang met with
seven people who had sought sanctuary with him in
a basement. And Frank Hornig interviewed a few of
the fortunate who escaped the Twin Towers with
Hornig (left), Port Authority employee at the
death beckoning. Part of the staircase that took
“Survivors’ Stairway” on Ground Zero
them to safety – back into the land of the living –
still remains standing today. The survivors want it preserved as a national monument. “Not one of
them,” says Hornig, “can understand why it should be demolished to build yet another skyscraper.”
ore fear and destruction awaited
SPIEGEL editor Bernhard Zand dur-
ing his visit to Baghdad. The Dubai-based
Middle East correspondent had been to
the Iraqi capital several times before, and
remembered it as a vibrant, effervescent
city – despite the scars of two previous
wars and years of U.N. sanctions. Back
then, there was a functioning garbage col-
lection system; there had been a sympho-
ny orchestra and riverside paths along the
Zand in Baghdad
Tigris. This time, though, Zand found a
second Ground Zero – on a mammoth
scale: a city fragmented by sectarian suicide bombers who left charred government buildings and gap-
ing craters in their wake. “Never before,” he said, “have I seen such wholesale deterioration. No oth-
er city – not even New York – has paid such a devastating price for the events of September 11.”
he scenes Zand witnessed are not unique
to Baghdad. Rather than bringing free-
dom and democracy to Iraq, the war on ter-
ror has spawned chaos and hate. In the Unit-
ed States, more and more people are asking
how things could go so horribly wrong. Our
Washington correspondent Georg Mascolo
and his Hamburg colleague Hans Hoyng ex-
amined the issues surrounding the debacle.
They also interviewed former CIA agent
Michael Scheuer on the fruitless manhunt for
Mascolo, Scheuer, Hoyng in Washington
Osama bin Laden. Following the recently
thwarted attacks in London, SPIEGEL asked Scheuer about the threat posed by al Qaeda today. His
response was discouraging: “If you ask me, they are planning another attack on the United States.”
M
T
THOMAS GRABKA
MARTIN H. SIMON
CHARLY KURZ
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IN THIS ISSUE
THE INFERNO AND ITS AFTERMATH
On September 11, 2001, planes
piloted by terrorists crashed into the World Trade Center and Pentagon,
transforming the face of America. In an interview with SPIEGEL, former U.S.
National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski discusses the threat of a
global uprising against inequality.
PAGES 6– 21
THE PAST AND THE OMNIPRESENT PAIN
Nine-Eleven has permanently scarred
the American psyche. Survivors and rescuers are struggling to return to normality.
In movies like Oliver Stone’s
World Trade Center,
Hollywood too has begun to tackle
the trauma.
PAGES 22 – 53
SEPTEMBER 11
The day that changed the world
.............................
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A SPIEGEL interview with former U.S. National Security
Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski on the Bush administration’s
failures in the war on terror
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Hollywood discovers 9/11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
D O S S I E R : W H AT R E A L LY H A P P E N E D
9/11 Q&A: videos, tape recordings and reports from
investigative committees reveal new facts and debunk
conspiracy theories
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
CITY IN SHOCK
Survivors and their stories
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Rudy Giuliani returns
.......................................
28
THE TERRORISTS
Atta’s army – how the Hamburg cell hatched its plot
The professor and the terrorist
.......
German-born Pia Hofmann helped search for victims at
Ground Zero
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
Alexander Osang on seven New Yorkers who –
like himself – found shelter in a basement
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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64
72
74
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Atta’s friend Said Bahaji and his family
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PAGE 4: L. OWERKA/GAMMA/STUDIO X (L.); UIP (R.); PAGE 5: AFP (L.); AWAD/DPA (R.)
The architect Daniel Libeskind and the plans for
reconstructing Ground Zero
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
THE SKYJACKERS AND THEIR HELPERS
New evidence has shed light on
the anatomy of the attacks. But how much of it will stand up in court? While
the United States simply incarcerates suspects, German judges have been
forced to acquit several of Mohammed Atta’s associates. Meanwhile, the
terrorists are attracting new recruits around the world.
PAGES 54 – 87
THE WAR AGAINST TERROR AND THE HUNT FOR BIN LADEN
Armed forces
were tasked with eliminating the godfather of international terror. But in Iraq, the
Americans have squandered their moral credibility, and the country is on the brink
of a civil war. The Taliban are regrouping in Afghanistan. And the search for bin
Laden goes on.
PAGES 88 – 129
The hurdles Germany faces when indicting terror suspects
.
77
Timeline of terror: Islamist attacks after 9/11
................
.......
81
82
The Gulf state of Bahrain, home to a U.S. naval base,
experiments with democracy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Fanatic jihadist warriors regain control of entire
regions in Afghanistan
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
122
An interview with the French Islam expert Gilles Kepel
on hopes for democracy in the Middle East
and Europe’s approach to Muslims
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128
Hans Magnus Enzensberger on the terrorist mindset
WA R A G A I N S T T E R R O R
Mayhem rules in Iraq
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
Just another day in Baghdad
Osama bin Laden’s dynasty
How bin Laden got away
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102
108
Editor’s note
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An interview with the former CIA agent Michael Scheuer
on the hunt for bin Laden, the future of al Qaeda and
the threat of new terrorist attacks in the United States
. . . . .
117
Credits
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130
COVER:
AP (3), GETTY IMAGES, REUTERS, CORBIS, DPA
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SEPTEMBER 11
The Endless
Day
“Nine-Eleven” has entered
the English language as a
metaphor, an abbreviation
even bigger than a millennial
milestone: 9/11 broke through Fortress
America, turning it into another country.
George W. Bush has tried to turn the planet
into another world. And failed.
The South Tower collapsing
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