C - Program - 2e - Index.pdf - po ang - Januszek66

Index

-- decrement operator, 65–66

- subtraction operator, 59

! NOT operator, 101–102

" " text start and end, 73

% modulus operator, 59,

152–154

& address operator, 249–252,

253–254, 260

&& AND operator, 101–102

* indirection asterisk operator,

252, 412

* multiplication operator, 59

. dot operator, 80–82, 419

/ division operator, 59

// comments, 32, 41

? ternary operator, 117–118

|| OR operator, 101–102

+ addition operator, 59

++ increment operator, 65–66

= assignment operator, 52

-> right arrow operator, 419

>> extraction operator, 50–52

#define statement, 67–69, 70,

596

#endif statement, 596

#ifndef statement, 596

#include statement, 32–33, 187,

594–595

<cmath> command, 65

multiple inheritance and,

481–483

private members, 472

protected members, 472

public members, 472

Accumulation operators, 66–67

Addition ( + ) operator, 59

address ( & ) operator, 249–252,

253–254, 260

data variables and, 249–252

pointers and, 253–254

references and, 260

Algorithm design, 26–27

American National Standards

Institute (ANSI), 6

AND ( && ) operator, 101–102,

144, 146–148

Arguments, functions as, 184

Arithmetic operators, 53, 59–65,

412

<cmath> command, 65

addition ( + ), 59

division ( / ), 59

fractional calculations, 61–62,

62–65

intermediate results with, 59–61

modulus ( % ), 59

multiplication ( * ), 59

operand, 59

overloaded, 412

precedence of, 53

subtraction ( - ), 59

temperature conversions, 62–65

Array of chars, 42

Arrays, 292–367, 407–412

call-by-reference, 306–308

character, 295, 312–322

Colorado river stream gauge

flow data program exam-

ple, 352–356

compiler errors, 341–342

C-strings, 295, 312–322

data files and, 333–340

data variables used in, 293–294

declaration, 298–300

defined, 293

element, 294

errors encountered with,

341–342

filing from data files, 333–340

FindFavorite function

program examples,

342–346

fo r loops and, 296–298

functions and, 305–312,

327–333

fundamentals of, 294–304

index, 294

initialization, 298–300

link errors, 342

multidimensional, 322–327,

327–333

null-terminated character

strings, 295

objects in classes, 407–412

out of bounds, 300–303

passing to functions, 306–308

phone list objects program

example, 408–412

pointers, 305–306

random numbers, generating

and sorting using, 308–312

Abstraction, object-oriented

principle of, 425

Access specifiers, 375–377

Access specifiers, 472, 481–483

base class, 481–482

625

626

❚

Index

seven dwarfs and files program

example, 346–351

single-dimensional, 294

variables, 294–295

vectors, comparison with,

303–304

zero indexed, 296

ASCII character codes, 555–561

Ask() function, 401–402

Assignment operator (=), 52

Associativity, defined, 53

at() function, 142–144

atof function, 317

atoi function, 317

atol function, 317

Automatic variables, 205

defined, 43

format conventions, 563

troubleshooting, 20–21

wxWidgets, 8

C-strings, 295, 312–322, 342–346,

346–351

atof function, 317

atoi function, 317

atol function, 317

char function, 319

defined, 295

FindFavorite function

program examples,

342–346

functions in cstring library,

320

initialization, 313

input, 315–319

null character, 312, 313–315

null-terminated character

strings, 295

seven dwarfs and files program

example, 346–351

Call statements, 186, 194–195

Call-by value functions, 195–198

Call-by-reference function,

255–259, 260–262, 306–308

passing arrays to functions

using, 306–308

pointers, using, 255–259

references, using, 260–262,

306–308

Calling functions, 186, 194–195,

195–198, 255–259, 380–382

address ( & ) operator, 260

call statements, 186, 194–195

call-by-reference, 255–259,

260–262

call-by-value, 195–198

cout statement, 382

indirection asterisk ( * )

operator, 254–259

writing classes, for, 380–382

char data type, 42

char function, 319

Character arrays, see C-strings

Child class, 465

cin object, 50–52, 78–79, 140–141

debugging and, 140–141

extraction operator (>>), 50–52

C language, 6–10

compiled language, as a, 8–10

history of, 6–7

C++ software, 2–23, 24–99,

527–504, 541–554, 555–561

algorithm design, 26–27

American National Standards

Institute (ANSI), 6

ASCII character codes for,

555–561

compiled language, as a, 8–10

construction techniques,

19–20

cross-platform code libraries

and, 8

developer skill set, 3–4

development environment

tools, 527

Graphical User Interface GUI

framework, 8

Help system, 535–538

history of, 7

installation of, 528

International Standards

Organization (ISO), 6

introduction to, 3

keyword dictionary, 541–553

object-oriented programming

and, 11–13, 13–19

open source libraries, 10

operators in, 554

program project construction

steps, 528–535

programmers, rules for, 5–6

programming fundamentals,

25–29

source code, 5

steps to programming success,

28–29

structured programming, 11,

13–19

terminology for, 29–30

textbook concerns of, 4–5

top-down programming, 11

Base class, 469–470, 481–482,

483–484, 490, 491–500

access specifiers, 481–482

constructor functions,

483–484, 490

defined, 470

destructor functions, 484

inheritance and, 469–470

multiple inheritance and,

481–482

specifiers in derived class

declarations, 482

virtual functions in, 491–500

Binary file input/output, 577–581

Binary operators, 101–102,

412–418

classes, in, 412–418

conditional statements, as,

101–102

overloaded, 412–418

Bits, defined, 43

Block scope, 205

Boolean values, functions and,

217–221

Braces, 109, 123

if statements, using with, 109

loops, using with, 123

break; statements, 122, 134–135

Bytes, 43, 562–563

computer memory and, 562–563

627

❚

Index

reading data using, 50–52, 78–79

string class and, 79, 140–141

Class constructor functions,

377–378

Class definition, 374

Class destructor function, 404–407

Class member, 374, 399–404,

426, 427

Ask() function, 401–402

defined, 374

have you had your birthday

program example,

399–404

object-oriented principle of, 426

objects as a, 399–404

overloaded, programming

error due to, 427

Write() function, 401–402

Classes, 12, 78–82, 142–144,

211–213, 265–268,

334–340, 465, 469–470, 472,

481–482, 490, 491–500.

See also Inheritance; Writing

classes

access specifiers, 472, 481–483

base, 469–470, 481–482,

483–484, 490, 491–500

binary operators in, 412–418

child, 465

constructors, 377–378, 483–490

defined, 12

derived, 469–470, 481–482,

483–484, 490

destructor function, 404–407,

483–490

errors while writing, 424–427

get function, 391–395, 440–444

ifstream , 334–340

object-oriented principles, 424,

425

objects and, 78–82, 368–463

ofstream , 334–340

overloaded operators, 412–418

parent, 465

pointers and, 419–424

queue

relationship of in inheritance,

469

set function, 391–395, 440–444

stock tank calculator program

example, 440–446

string <string> , 78–80, 370

stringstream <sstream> ,

211–213

switch statement, 444–446

teacher’s helper, grader

program example, 433–440

unary operators in, 412–418

vector <vector> , 142–144, 370

virtual functions in, 491–500

writing, 371–399

Comments (// ), 32, 41

Commercial off-the-shelf

(COTS) software, 500

Compiler, defined, 8

Compiler errors, 37–39, 214,

215–216, 271–272, 341–342

arrays, 341–342

cannot convert parameter,

271, 341–342

function headers missing,

215–216

functions and, 214, 215–216,

271–272

illegal indirection, 271–272

language syntax and, 37–39

parameters unaccepted, 214

writing functions, 214, 215–216

Compile-time polymorphism,

491

Computer memory, 247–249,

562–567

byte formats, 562–563

disks and, 562–567

functions and, 247–249

hex address, 247–248

hexadecimal notation, 247,

563–566

media, 563

Concurrency, object-oriented

principle of, 425

Conditional statements,

101–103, 101–103,

136–137, 144, 146–148

AND ( && ) operator, 101–102,

144, 146–148

logical operators, 101–103, 104

NOT ( ! ) operator, 101–102,

144, 146–148

OR ( || ) operator, 101–102,

144, 146–148

relational operators, 101–103,

104, 136–137

const access modifier, 69–70

Constants, interpretation of for

precedence of operations,

55–56

Constructors, 377–378, 483–490,

582, 586

base class, 483–484, 490

class functions, 377–378

derived class, 483, 490

doctor is a person program

example, 484–490

inheritance and, 483–490

overloaded, 377, 484

passing parameters into

overloaded, 484

string class, 582

vector class, 586

Containers, C++ programming,

42–43

continue statements, 134, 135

Control statements, 100–177

AND ( && ) operator, 101–102,

144, 146–148

braces, use of with, 109, 123,

138–139

break; , 122, 134–135

conditional statements,

101–103, 144, 146–148

continue , 134, 135

counter values, 136

debugging, 140–141

else-if , 110–112

goto , 134

if , 103–117, 139–140

if-else , 107–117

infinite series calculation pro-

gram example, 148–150

jump statements, 134–135

logical operators, 101–103, 104

6queue7,

265–268,

370–371

references and, 419–424

628

❚

Index

loops and, 122–134

NOT ( ! ) operator, 101–102,

144, 146–148

OR ( || ) operator, 101–102,

144, 146–148

infinite series (PI) calculation

program example, 148–150

pond pump calculator program

example, 162–165

precedence of operators in, 103

program flags, 154–158

random number generator

program example,

150–152, 152–154

relational operators, 101–103,

104, 136–137

return , 134

search for the name program

example, 154–158

semi-colon placement,

138–139

switch , 118–122

ternary ( ? ) operator, 117–118

time conversion program

example, 158–160

troubleshooting, 136–141

variable evaluations, 137–138

vector class, 142–144

vowel counting program

example, 160–162

Counter values, 136

cout object, 34–35, 73–74, 74–76,

78, 382

calling class functions using,

382

escape sequences and, 73–74

ios formatting flags and,

74–76, 84–85

screen output and, 34–35

writing data using, 78

Cross-platform code libraries, 8

Colorado river stream gauge

flow data program

example, 352–356

format of, 568–570

header line, 568, 569

ifstream class, 334–340

input/output, 568–581

iostream library, 570–577

maximum and minimum arrays,

finding with, 337–340

ofstream class, 334–340

phone bill program example,

334–337, 368–340

reading to end of, 569–570

sentinel value, 568–569

trailer value, 568–569

Data types, 41–46, 53–55

array of chars, 42

bits, 43

byte, 43

char ,42

containers, 42–43

defined, 42

double ,42

floa t, 42

int , 42, 45

integer size, 45–50

labels, 42–43

modifiers, 43–45

precedence of operations,

53–55

stored values of, 53–55

string, 42

values, 42–43

variables, 42–43

Data variables, 245–249,

249–250, 269, 293–294

address ( & ) operator, 249–252

arrays, using single in, 293–294

memory and, 245–249

properties of, 250–251, 269

sizeof operator, 246–247

Debugging, 140–141, 600–613

C++ features, 605–613

cin object, 140–141

classes, 604–605

concepts of, 600

functions, 603–604

getline() function, 140–141

string class, using, 140–141

terminology for, 601

Declaration, 46–48, 186–187,

191–193, 198–200,

298–300, 323, 374

arrays, 298–300, 323

class, 374

function header line, 47–48, 186

functions, 186–187, 191–193

multidimensional arrays, 323

prototype statements, 191–193

undeclared identifiers, 198–200

variables, 46–48

Decrement operators (--), 65–66

Default input parameter list

functions, 202–204

Definition, functions, 186–187,

192–200

Derived class, 469–470, 481–482,

483–484, 490

base class specifiers in

declarations, 482

constructor functions,

483–484, 490

defined, 470

destructor functions, 484

inheritance and, 469–470

multiple inheritance and,

481–482

overloaded constructor

functions, 484

Destructors, 404–407, 483–490

class functions, 404–407

inheritance and, 483–490

overloaded, 377, 484

Division ( / ) operator, 59

do while loops, 132–134

Dot operator ( . ), 80–82

double data type ,42

Dynamic memory allocation,

264–265

Data casts, 70–73

Data files, 333–340, 352–356,

568–581

arrays and, 333–340

binary input/output, 577–581

else-if statements, 110–112

empty() function, 266

Encapsulation, object-oriented

principle of, 424, 425

629

❚

Index

Errors, 37–39, 214–216, 271–272,

341–342, 424–427. See also

Compiler errors; Link

errors

compiler, 37–39, 214, 215–216,

271–272, 341–342

language syntax and, 37–39

link, 214–215, 342

overloaded member functions,

427

undeclared identifier, 424–426

unresolved external, 214–215,

342, 426–427

writing classes, 424–427

writing functions, 214, 215–216

Escape sequences, 34, 73–74

C++ use of, 73

new line output ( /n ), 34, 73–74

types of, 77

extern keyword, 598–599

call-by value, 195–198

call-by-reference, 255–259,

260–262, 306–308

call statements, 186, 194–195

called, 186

calling, 186, 194–195, 195–198,

255–259

compiler error, 214, 215–216,

271–272

data variables, 245–249, 249–250

declarations, 186–187,

191–193

default input parameter list,

202–204

defined, 11, 31, 179

definition, 186–187, 192–194

errors encountered with,

213–216, 270–272

function_name , 183–184

header line, 33–34, 192–194,

215–216

I scream for ice cream program

example, 275–277

infinite series (PI) program

example, 148–221–223

input parameters, 184, 214

Is it prime? program example,

216–221, 272

main , 31, 33, 180, 187

memory, 245–249

multiple files program

examples, 227–231,

231–235

overloaded, 200–202, 223–227

pointers, 252–254, 254–260,

264–265, 269, 270–272,

275–277, 305–306

program flags, 216–217

prototype, 186–187, 191–192

queue class <queue> , 265–268,

280–282

random numbers, generating

and sorting using, 308–312

references, 260–264, 269,

270–271, 277–280, 306–308

requirements for writing,

186–200

return statement, 193–194

returning items from, 244–291

search for woman’s name

program example,

277–280

sizeof operator, 246–247

song organizer program

example, 280–282

stringstream class <sstream> ,

211–213

variables in, 204–211, 250–251,

269

writing, 179–243

get function, 391–395, 440–444

getline() function, 79,

140–141

debugging and, 140–141

reading strings using, 79

Global variables, 205–209

goto statements, 134

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

framework, 8

Filing arrays from data files,

333–340

find function, 81

float (floating point variable)

statements, 137–138

floa t data type, 42

for loops, 124–128, 296–298, 324

arrays and, 296–298, 324

control statements, 124–128

nested, 324

two-dimensional arrays, 324

Functions, 11, 31, 33–34, 178–243,

244–291, 305–312, 327–333.

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