P1: OSO
JWDD004-Index JWDD004-Halpin-v7 August 24, 2005 18:7
Index
ABC see Associated Builders and
Contractors
ACRS (Accelerated Cost Recovery System),
178Ð179
Acceptance period, 47Ð48
Accidents see Safety, accidents
Activities
arrow representation of, 104Ð111
bar chart representation, 58, 102Ð104
circle representation of, 106Ð111
critical, 108
definition of, 104
delay, 108
dummy, 108Ð111
duration of, 113
see also Work task duration
noncritical, 108
sequence, 58, 59
Activity on Arrow (AOA), 108Ð111
Activity on Node (AON), 107
Acts of God, 49
Addenda, 38Ð40
AFL (American Federation of Labor)
see Labor organizations
AGC, see Associated General Contractors
Agency shop, 233
Agreement, 48Ð49, 62
American Institute of Architects (AlA), 41
Amortization, 179Ð180
Arbitration, 51
Architect/Engineer (A/E), 24, 28
see also Architect; Engineer
Arrow networks, see Critical Path
Method(CPM); Critical Path Schedules
Arrow notation, 107Ð109, 131
Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC),
241
Associated General Contractors (AGC), 35,
72, 77
Back-billing, 149Ð150
Backcharging, 181
Backward-pass algorithm, 112
Bank measure of soil, 181
Bankruptcy, personal, 80
Bar chart, CPM form of, 57Ð58, 102Ð104
definition, 102
bar-net, 104Ð107
Beneficial occupancy, 50
Bidders list, 28
Bidding documents, 24Ð40, 41Ð44
Bid package, 24Ð40, 41Ð44
Bill of lading, 279
see also Material management process
Bond, bid, 41Ð45
capacity, 45, 64
Miller Act, 45
net quick assets, 45
payment, 42
performance, 44
Bond, financing using, 165Ð168
Builders Association of Chicago, Inc.,
353Ð359
Builders exchange, 29
Building construction, 10
Building process, 11
linear nature, 11
Building Trades Council, 237
Bunching effect, in hauling operations, 201
loss in production from, 201
Business agent, 239
general functions of, 239
see also Labor organizations; Labor
relations; Unions
Capitalization rate, 162
Cash flow, analysis of, 56, 88, 147Ð153
Changed conditions, 51
rate of return, 153Ð156
Change orders
definition of, 50Ð51
effect upon contract, 50Ð51
Chart/Code, 98Ð99, 252Ð253, 254Ð260
CIF, Cost Insurance and Freight, 279
CIO, see Committee for Industrial
Organizations
Civil Rights Act, Title IV, 228, 234
Claims, extensions of time, 49Ð50
Clayton Act, 227
Closed shop, see Labor relations
Coefficient of traction, 194
Committee for Industrial Organizations
(CIO), 227
Common situs picketing, 240 separate gates,
Compacted measures of soil, 186Ð187
Completion, final payment for, 55, 58
substantial, 50
Concrete Process Model, 18Ð7 to 18Ð12
Constraints, resource, 88, 95, 109
Construction, classification of
ENR, 15Ð16
traditional approach, 14Ð16
Construction financing process, 160Ð164
construction loan, 164Ð165
discounting for, 167
draw schedule for, 164Ð165
long term, 160
mortgage loan, 164
short term, 160
Construction loan, 164Ð165
Construction Contracts
Agency Construction Management
(CMa), 73Ð74
Construction Management at-Risk
(CM at-Risk), 75Ð76
construction management, 73Ð75
cost plus, 68Ð71
cost plus fee, 69
design-build, 72Ð74
fee structure in:
cost plus fixed fee, 69
cost plus fixed fee plus profit-sharing, 69
cost plus percent of cost, 69
cost plus sliding fee, 69
guaranteed maximum price, 70
lump sum, 32, 65
negotiated, 49, 63, 66Ð68
stipulated sum, 64Ð65
target price, 70
unit price, 35, 65Ð68
Construction manager
detailed functions of, 73Ð75
Construction Safety Act, 296Ð297
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI),
35, 253, 255
Contingencies, 40, 65, 207
Contract, award procedure, 47Ð49
Contract administration
acceptance at completion, 58
change orders, see Change orders
claims, see Payments, progress
delays, 49Ð50, 54
notice to proceed, 48
progress payments, see Payments,
progress
Contractors, pre qualification of, 40Ð41
Corporation, advantages of, 79Ð81, 83Ð87
closely held, 45, 80, 84Ð85
continuity of, 84Ð85
disadvantages of, 83Ð87
double taxation of, 85
foreign, 87
legal structure, 79Ð81, 87Ð89
public, 80
share values in, 80Ð81
stock, 80
subchapter S, 85
Cost codes, 253Ð255, 256Ð260
standard, 253
Cost estimate, see Estimating
Cost indices, 22
see also Engineering News Record
(ENR)
Cost Insurance and Freight, 279
Criteria Evaluation, 53
Critical activities, 108
Critical Path Method (CPM), 107Ð124
arrow networks, 108
calculations, 111Ð119
circle networks, 106Ð116
floats, see Float, activity
precedence networks, 106Ð116
399
400 Index
Critical Path Method (CPM) (Contd.)
resource constraints, 109
see also Critical paths
see also Critical Path Method (CPM)
Critical path schedules
bar chart representation of, 116Ð117
CSI (Construction Specifications Institute),
CYCLONE, activity on node notation, 18-3
basic modeling elements, 18-3
building models, 18-3 to 18-7
process models, asphalt, 18-12 to 18-14
concrete, 18-7 to 18-12
Davis-Bacon Act, 228Ð229
Debentures, 16
Delays, 49Ð50, 54
Delivery process, 285
Depreciation, 171Ð180
book value, 174Ð175
methods of
Accelerated Cost Recovery
System(ACRS), 178Ð179
DDB, 175Ð176
declining balance, 175Ð176
modified ACRS, 178Ð179
production, 175Ð176
straight line, 174Ð175
tax significance of, 171Ð173
Design-Build, 72Ð74
see also Construction management
Design Bid Build (DBB), 52, 76
Dodge announcement, 29
Double-breasted operations, 241Ð242
Drawbar pull, of equipment, 190
Draw schedule, 165
Earliest finish time of activities, 113
Earliest occurrence of events, 111Ð116
Earliest start, time of activities, 113
Early Finish Time (EFT), 113Ð119
Early Start Time (EST), 113Ð119
Earned value method, 260Ð266
Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP),
261
Actual Quantity of Work Performed
(AQWP), 261
Budgeted Cost of Work Performed
(BCWP), 261
Budgeted Cost At Completion (BCAC),
Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled
(BCWS), 261
Cost and Schedule Control Systems
Criteria (C/SCSC), 261
Cost Performance Index (CPI), 263
Cost Variance (CV), 263
Schedule Performance Index (SPI),
263
Schedule Variance (SC), 263
Economic value, 153Ð156, 162Ð163
income approach, 162Ð163
EEOC (Equal Opportunity Employment
Commission), 234
Engineering News Record (ENR), 16, 22
classification of construction, 15Ð18
cost indices, 27
Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission(EEOC), 234
Equipment, amortization of, 179Ð180
average annual value for, 179Ð182
backcharging for, 179
characteristics of, 169Ð173
hourly charges for, 170Ð171
ITT (Interest, Insurance and Tax),
180Ð182
initial costs of, 172
operating costs, 171
ownership costs, 171
replacement cost, 179
salvage value, 172Ð176
useful service life, 172Ð176
Equipment superintendent, 355Ð356
Estimates, 22Ð28, 205Ð207
budget, 22Ð28
preliminary, 205
types of, 205Ð207
Estimating, contractors, costs for, 40Ð41
direct costs, 40Ð41, 267
charging rate, hourly, 171
indirect costs, 208, 267, 268Ð270
labor costs, 244Ð247
material costs, 209, 212, 214Ð215
overhead, 270Ð273
Estimator, 353Ð354 Events, scheduling,
107Ð111, 347Ð348
Expediting, 285
Expeditor, 354Ð355
Extensions of times, 49Ð50
Fair Labor Standards Act, 229Ð230
Fast tracking, 76, 77
Feasibility study, 21
Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Services, 231
Field engineer, 356
Field entries, 266Ð267
Field superintendent, 356
Final payment, 58
Financing process
see Construction financing process
Fixed overhead, 270Ð273
Float, 111, 116Ð119
Float, Activity, 116Ð119
F.O.B.
see Free on Board
Forward-pass algorithm, 112
Free float, see Float, free, 117Ð118
Free on Board (F.O.B.), 271 278Ð279
Front end loading, 66Ð68
Gap financing, 165Ð166
General and administrative (G&A) expense,
268, 270Ð272
General conditions for construction, 31,
35Ð36
General Services Administration (GSA), 35
Goethals, George Washington, 8
Grade, effective, 197
percent, 189
resistance, 189Ð190
GSA (General Services Administration), 35
Hazards, 296, 301Ð302
Health, 296
see also Occupational health
Hiring halls, 240
Hold harmless clause, 282
Home office overhead, 267Ð268, 270Ð271
Hot cargo and secondary boycott, 240Ð241
see also Labor Legislation,
Landrum-GriffinAct
ITT (Interest, Insurance and Tax), 180Ð182
Inability to perform, 44
Income, project, 150
apartment complex, 162Ð163
Independent float, 118
Indirect cost, 148Ð150, 267Ð270
Inflation, costs, 179
Instruction to bidders, 28Ð31, 40
Insurance:
bodily injury, 14.21
property damage, 244, 246, 248
public liability, 244, 246, 248
social security, 244, 248
unemployment contributions, 244, 248
workmenÕs compensation, 244, 248
Interfering Float (IF), 118
Interest:
discounted, 164Ð165, 167
effective rates, 167Ð168
present worth and, 153Ð156
prime, 150
rate of return, 154Ð156, 165Ð168
Interest, Insurance and Tax (IIT), 180Ð182
Invitation to bid, 28Ð35
Invoices, 279, 282
Job steward, 237, 239
Joint Boards, 239
Joint ventures, 78, 81
Jurisdictional disputes, 235Ð237
see also Labor relations, jurisdictional
disputes
Labor agreements, 242
see also Labor legislation; Labor relations
Labor costs, average hourly, calculations,
247Ð249
components of, 244Ð247
fringe benefits, 244, 248
insurance, 244Ð247
man hours, 266
national average prices per unit, 212Ð215
geographic adjustments, 212
per unit of production, 213, 216
shift differentials, 246
standard crews, 213Ð214, 216
taxes based on payroll, 244
Labor legislation, Civil Rights Act, Title IV,
228, 234
Index 401
Equal Opportunity Executive Order,
(11246), 234
Executive Order, 11375 (1968), 234
Hobbs Act, 228, 231
Landrum-Griffin Act, 228, 234
Norris-LaGuardia Act, 227Ð228
Sherman Antitrust Act, 227
Smith Connolly Act, 228, 231
Taft-Hartley Act, 228, 231Ð234
Title IV Civil Rights Act, 234
Wagner Act, 228, 229
Labor Management Relations Act
see Labor legislation, Taft-Hartley Act
Labor Management Reporting and
Disclosure Act, 234
Labor organizations:
AFL Labor organizations (American
Federation of Labor), 226, 235
Building Trades Council, 239
(CIO), 227, 228
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),
229
unions, hiring halls, 240
locals, 239
national, 238
state federations, 238Ð239
Labor productivity, ENR indices, 27, 215
Labor relations:
agency shop, 233
availability of labor, 240
business agent, 239
closed shops, 229, 231
double-breasted operations, 241Ð242
employer unfair practices, 230
jurisdictional disputes, 235Ð237
open shops, 241Ð242
restrictive work practices, 241
right to work, 229, 233Ð234
secondary boycott and, 240Ð241
union unfair labor practice and, 232
work rules, 242
see also Labor legislation; Labor
organizations
Landrum-Griffin Act
see Labor Legislation, Landrum-Griffin
Act
Late Finish Time (LFT), 113Ð119
Late Start Time (LST), 113Ð119
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Januszek66