Encyclopedia Britannica 1963 [15].pdf

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THE
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
The Enqclopadid Britannicd
ir
pclblished with the editorid advice of the
fdczllties
of The Univeersity
of
Chicago dnd of
u
comnzi~ee membevs oftbe fdculties of OxJbvd, C/tnzbridge
of
dnd Lolzdon universities azd of a committee
at The University
of
Townto
"
L
ET
KNOWLEDGE GROW FROM hlORE T O MORE
AND
THUS
BE
HUMAN
LIFE ENRICHED."
A
New
Sa~uey
f
Utziue~srll
o
Knowledge
Volume
15
MARYBOROUGH
HET
S
TEEL
T
O
M
US
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
BRITANNICA, INC.
W I L L I A M
BENTON,
P U B L I S H E R
CHICAGO
LONDON
TORONTO
GENEVA
SYDNEY
C
OPYRIGHT
UNDER
I
NTERNATIONAL
C
OPYRIG
HT
U
NION
PRINTED IN THE
U.
S.
A.
Volume
1 5
ARYBOROTJGH,
a coastal city in the south- another Marylander, Francis Scott Key
( q . v . ) ,
while Fort Mc-
east of Queensland, Austr., 167 mi. by rail
N.
of Henry was under attack during the War of 1812.
Brisbane on the Mary river, about 20 mi. from the
mouth. Pop. (1954) 17,952. I n the Wide Bay dis-
trict is the Burrum coal field. The Gympie and
Kilkivan mining fields also find their outlet at Maryborough. In-
land, valuable hardwoods such as Queensland maple and walnut
are cut in the Kingaroy district. Cattle and sheep are raised in
the Gayndah area. Sugar cane (Isis district) and citrus fruits are
grom7n,with dairying and mixed farming near the city. Industries
include foundries. railway engineering and pipe works, also sugar
refineries and butter making.
MARYLAND,
one of the 13 original states of the C'nited
States, extends along both sides of Chesapeake bay on the Atlantic
coast. I t is bounded on the north by the Mason and Dixon line
(q.v.),
which separates it from Pennsylvania: on the east by Dela-
ware and the Atlantic ocean; on the south and west by the District
of Columbia and the Potomac river; and on its extreme west by
West Virginia. I n area it ranks 42nd among the states, having a
total area of 10,577 sqmi., of which 9,874 sq.mi. are land, 703
inland water excluding 1,726 sq.mi. of the Chesapeake bay. In
population it ranks 21st among the states, with 3,100,689 inhabit-
ants in 1960. Since 1694 Maryland's capital city has been An-
napolis. \%-hich also the seat of the C.S. Naval academy and St.
is
John's college. Baltimore, a thriving port on Chesapeake bay,
is the state's largest city.
Maryland mas named in honour of Queen Henrietta Maria, wife
of Charles
I
of England. who granted the territory to Lord Balti-
more (Cecil Calvert) on June 20, 1632. I t is popularly known as
the "Old Line state" because of the distinguished service of Mary-
land's regular "troops of the line" during the American Revolution.
The state flower is the black-eyed Susan, the state bird the Balti-
more oriole, and the state tree the 1%-hite
oak. The state flag is
a
colourful one, bearing the arms of both the Calvert family and the
Crosland family, to which the mother of the first Lord Baltimore
belonged.
(See
F
L
AG
.)
"Maryland, My Maryland" is one of the best knomn of all state
songs. The words, written in
1861
by James Ryder Randall, a
Marylander living in the south. are sung to the German tune,
"0,
Tannenbaum." The national anthem nas nritten in Maryland by
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
P h y s i c a l Features.--Maryland. which lies between approxi-
mately
37"
53' and 39" 43'
K.
and approximately 75' 4' and 79"
29'
W.,
possesses a great diversity of surface features. I t is
crossed from north to south by each of the leading topographical
regions of the eastern portion of the United States-the coastal
plain, the piedmont plateau and the Appalachian system. The
part within the coastal plain includes nearly all of the southeastern
half of the state and is commonly known as tide ater Maryland.
I t is marked off from the piedmont plateau by the fall line, a zone
in mhich a descent of about 100 ft. or more occurs in many places
within a few miles, creating waterfalls and rapids in the streams.
The fall line extends northeast from Washington, D.C., through
Baltimore to the northeast corner of the state. Chesapeake bay
divides the coastal plain into two main sections: all of Maryland
east of the bay and south of the Elk river is known as the eastern
shore; the western shore or "Maryland main" extends westward
from the bay to the fall line.
The eastern shore is a low, level plain, rising northward to a
height of only about 100 ft. above sea level. Along its Atlantic
coast extends the narrow sandy Sinepuxent beach, formerly en-
closing the Sinepuxent bay on the north and Chincoteague bay on
the south. A storm in the 1930s cut an opening into Sinepuxent
bay at Ocean City. Md., making available a fine harbour for fishing
fleets and other boats at the seaside resort. The eastern shore is
drained by the Northeast, Elk. Sassafras, Chester, Miles, Tred
Avon, Choptank. Nanticoke. Wicomico, and Pocomoke rivers. I t
is connected with the western shore by the Chesapeake bay bridge.
The western shore is somewhat more undulating and higher than
the eastern shore, sloping generally from northwest to southeast.
Along the western border are points 300 ft. or more above sea
level. The Patuxent and Potomac are the principal rivers cross-
ing this section, but the Severn, Magothy, Patapsco, Gunpowder
and Bush rivers also drain it.
The piedmont plateau or foothill region extends west from the
fall line to the crest of the Blue Ridge mountains. I n general,
it has a broad rolling surface and rises gradually to heights of over

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